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BERWICK ADVERTISER, 5 JUNE 1919

BERWICK FAIR

Shorn of much of its former glory, Berwick Fair was opened by the Mayor and other civic heads on Friday last, when as usual the procession, headed by the Borough Police under Chief Constable Nicholson and the Sergeant at Mace, made a tour up the High Street and returned round the booths. High Street presented a busy appearance, thereafter the dish sellers making the air alive with the rattle of crockery and banter.

OPENING OF THE MAY FAIR 1968 REF: BRO 2103-619

The cattle and grain markets were held on the Friday as in former years but why this is so seems a little strange when one hears so much about increasing the production on the land. Why farmers should have to attend market on a Friday and the farm servants come in force to the town on the day following does not look as if the tillage of the land was being made of first importance. Surely some arrangement might be made for the market day and Saturday half-holiday to take place together and prevent the wastage of valuable time. It cannot be that the cattle market is held on a day when the streets will not be so thronged with people, for that market is again held on the Saturday.

The absence of the May Day Horse Procession detracted from the proceedings on Saturday though the Scout Band filled up the afternoon and gave inspiring pipe selections to large audiences.

In High Street there was the usual collection of booths and for the first year since 1914 there were yards upon yards of floor cloth on offer at reasonable prices. Dalzell, the ‘witty’, who can charm the most hardened purchasers, Harris who can sell an axe guaranteed to chop the head off the entire Hohenzollern family, and a representative of one of the lost tribes or Israel, did a fine business during the day.

There was one round-about on the Parade this year and several side shows. Staid residents so far unbent to enjoy a “whirl” round in “motors” which never need to have running repairs done to them, while the popular houp-la, kindled the gambling instincts in those who look for something for nothing.

With things in a more settled condition next year it is hoped the Fair will once more come into its own, or at least have a share of its past glamour.

For the first time within memory the “mug stalls” finished up on Monday night, packing up and clearing out on Tuesday to the great disappointment of many intending purchasers who held off till Tuesday and Wednesday in the hope of scooping up bargains on the last two days of the Fair.

NORHAM WAR MEMORIAL

SOLEMN DEDICATION CEREMONY IN HISTORIC VILLAGE

Norham War Memorial. Copyright: Kevin Graham 2019

On Wednesday evening the historic village of Norham, famous in story and hoary in legendary associations, saw the dedication of a memorial to the men who in the late war faced all the devilries of modern warfare and fell in the fight for all that mankind holds dear.

Down on a grassy patch near the entrance to the Churchyard the memorial reared its graceful pillar, clearly outlined against the background of summer green, holding its symbol of sacrifice aloft as an inspiration to all passers-by.

The ceremony was naturally tinged with sadness, but yet in those who had suffered and were gathered to see the unveiling of a memorial to the memory of their lost ones, there was a feeling of honourable pride that they were called upon to share in the sacrifice of their loved ones.

THE MEMORIAL CROSS

The cross, which was erected by public subscription from the inhabitants of the village, the highest and most humble, was placed on order some time ago with Messrs Rhind, sculptors, Belford Road, Edinburgh, the firm which executed the Leitholm memorial. The design chosen was that of an old 10th Century Celtic Cross ( or St. Cuthbert’s Cross), with ornamental band carving symbolical of eternal life. The bases of the cross are in three tiers, and the ground space covered is about 5 ½ feet square. The shaft rises some ten feet, is ornamented with the symbolic band work, and the inscription in raised letters. The whole is surmounted by an ornamented St. Cuthbert’s Cross.

The inscription on the shaft reads as follows: -“Erected to the memory of those who laid down their lives for their country in the Great War, from August 1914, to November 1918.” Below the inscription is a space left upon which to engrave a full list of the names of those who have fallen. On the base is the inscription: – “Lest we forget those who laid down their lives that we might live.” The stone chosen for the memorial is a close-grained freestone, which should stand all weathers.

LOCAL NEWS

Few men in Berwick can boast of having served 44 years with the same firm. This record has been accomplished by Mr Peter Jeffrey of the firm of Messrs Thompson Bros., iron mongers, High Street, who are closing down shortly. When Mr T. Thompson, along with his brother, the late Mr B. G. Thompson started business in 1875, Mr Jeffrey went as an apprentice and has continued with the firm ever since. He has therefore had a long experience in business, and during this time has seen many changes both in the owners of the shops in High Street, and in the shops themselves. Mr Jeffrey was the son of the late Mr James Jeffrey, blacksmith, Castlegate, and married Miss Cowe, a sister of Mr J. C. Cowe, fishmerchant, High Street. They had two sons, the elder of whom, Private James Jeffrey, 7th N.F., made the supreme sacrifice at St. Julien in April 1915, when the local N.F.’s first went into action. Private Jeffrey was one of the young men of the town who joined the 7th N.F. after Baden-Powell’s recruiting meeting at Berwick. The younger son, Robert Cowe Jeffrey, has a flourishing dairy business at 92 Castlegate, and will receive the help of his father on his retirement from Messrs Thompson Bros. Mr and Mrs Jeffrey are members of Wallace Green Church and very highly respected citizens of Berwick.

Mrs R. R. Riddell, Quay Walls, Treasurer of the Berwick War Hospital Supply Depot has received grateful acknowledement (sic) from the Matron of Edenhall Hostel for Limbless Sailors and Soldiers for the sum of £100 17s, the residue of the funds of the depot on closing in March.

The poignant statue “Victory over Blindness” which now stands outside the entrance to  Manchester Piccadilly Station was unveiled on 16 October, 2018, by the Countess of Wessex.   ©  David Dixon / Victory over Blindness Statue, Manchester Piccadilly /  CC BY-SA 2.O.

Acknowledgements have also been received from the Comrades of the Great War and from St. Dunstan’s Hostel for Blinded Sailors and Soldiers both of which institutions also received donations.

A rumour got about over the week-end that a dog had been found to be suffering from rabies, and had bitten children in the upper part of the town. This proved, however, to be unfounded. A stray dog it appears had tried its teeth upon some youngsters who had touched it, but has paid the penalty by being sent “west.” For the benefit of timorous readers we need only say that far from being mad, the dog was not even feeble minded.

A report of the work of Campus Library has been published. The success of this excellent scheme for providing literature for the troops, is largely due to the Postmasters, and the sub-postmasters in all the country districts, who have worked  hard throughout the war in collecting books. Up to the signing of the Armistice some 14 million publications had been dealt with by the Camps Library. These were sent to the Armies in France, Salonika, Egypt, British East Africa, Mesopotamia, Italy and Russia. Many thousands went to hospitals, to the Mission to Seamen, British and Foreign Sailors Society and the Chamber of Commerce for use of the Navy. Nearly other (sic) two millions have been dealt with between November and March 1919 when the Camps Library as a War Charity was closed. Many letters of appreciation have been received from soldiers. During the four years and five months the sum of £46,300 13s 2d has passed through the hands of the Treasurer.

BERWICK ADVERTISER, 23 MAY 1919

INTERESTING SPITTAL WEDDING

COL., SERGT. TAIT AND MISS L. E. PEARCE

The wedding took place at Spittal Parish Church on Wednesday, May 14th, of Col. Sergt. T. J. B. Tait, Lancashire Fusiliers, third son of ex. Col-Sgt. Robt. Tait, Lancashire Fus., of the Blenheim Hotel, Spittal, and Miss L.E. Pearce, late Q.M.A.A.C., only daughter of Mrs House, Pontypridd, South wales, and the late Mr Edward Pearce, Bagshot, Surrey. The Rev. J. H. Cuthbertson, Vicar of Spittal, and late Chaplain to the Forces, officiated. The bride, who was given away by her mother, was dressed in ivory crepe-de-chene, trimmed with real lace, which was brought from Valenciennes by the bridegroom while on service there. She wore a wreath and veil, and carried a sheaf of lilies tied Lancashire Fusilier’s colours.

Spittal Parish Church on the right handside of image BRO 1887-8-2.

The bridegroom’s brother, Mr R. St. G. Tait, acted as best man, and Miss Tait, Commercial Inn, Spittal, a cousin, was bridesmaid. An interesting feature of the ceremony was the fact that the bride, bridegroom and the officiating minister had all served in His Majesty’s Forces on active service.
The Vicar, in the course of a short address to the bride and bridegroom, said: “Both of you have served your King and country overseas and, there, both of you in your own sphere must have learnt something of that comradeship which, perhaps only those of us who have served with the Forces abroad can thoroughly understand and appreciate. Loyalty to King and country, courage and self-sacrifice were notable features of that life. Never forget that there is another King to whom you owe loyalty, even the King of Kings. You are now going out from this church to start a new life together; you will have your difficulties and your trials, but loyalty to God will help you to overcome them, and will be to you the surest source of happiness.”


After the ceremony the guests sat down to the wedding feast at the Blenheim Hotel, and in the evening the happy pair departed for the North on their honeymoon. Chalked on the back of the car were the words “Two little turtle doves,” whilst below was suspended the usual lucky shoe, draped with pale blue ribbon.

LOCAL NEWS

Gardeners will rejoice to learn that the import restrictions on bulbs have now been withdrawn. We can therefore look forward next spring to having our gardens brightened by renewed stocks of crocus, dainty glory of the snow, and the beautiful blue scilla. Later on hyacinths for indoor and outdoor cultivation will be once more procurable. Bedding out with gay tulips will be possible. Lovers of Spanish iris will be able to buy to their heart’s content, and the stately spikes of gladioli will again add to the rich colouring of the autumn beds.

Major Rowland Routledge Gibson, son of Mr. Geo. Matthew Gibson, formerly of Berwick, has been promoted temporary lieutenant-colonel in the Labour Corps. He was admitted to the Freedom of the Borough in March, 1912, when serving at Aldershot with the Royal Fusiliers. Lieut Col. Gibson was first commissioned to the Dorsetshire Regiment 22 years ago, and afterwards served in the Royal Fusiliers and the West African Regiment. He took part in the Tirah expedition and the Ashanti campaign, in which he was wounded, and at the beginning of the war in 1914, was appointed adjutant in Kitchener’s Army. He is a qualified interpreter in the Russian and Chinese languages.

CRICKET

Like all other sports clubs in the town, the Berwick Cricket Club is resuming its pre-war activities. The cricket field is being put in order and will under careful treatment soon be in first class condition. An endeavour is being made to increase the membership. The Rev. J. H. Cuthbertson, vicar of Spittal, who has played for the Gentlemen of Yorkshire ought to prove a valuable addition to cricketing circles in Berwick. We hear also of the advent of an Eton player to the neighbourhood.

No club matches have been played during the past few years, but arrangements have now been made for matches both at home and away. The following fixtures have already been settled: – Widdrington at Berwick, June 9th. Manderston at Berwick, June 25th. Manderston at Manderston, July 10th. It is also hoped to be able to arrange matches with Berwickshire, Coldstream and Galashiels.

RETURN OF THE COLOURS

CIVIC WELCOME EXTENDED AT BERWICK

TO 2ND BATT., K.O.S.B. COLOUR PARTY

Word was received at Berwick Barracks on Tuesday morning that the Colour Party of the 2nd Batt., Kings Own Scottish Borderers Cadre, the majority of whom were demobilised some days ago at Barrow in Furness, where they arrived from Antwerp, would come by the fast train from the south at 5.33 in the evening. The civil authorities being made acquainted of the fact, immediately made the news known in the town, and the Mayor (Ald. J. W. Plenderleith) arranged to give the party a civic welcome.

Return of the K.O.S.B.

The town was soon gaily decorated with bunting, and from the Town Hall the Borough flags were flown. Large crowds from the town and surrounding district were seen about, and the road to the station was lined by a gathering of interested spectators as the hour of arrival drew near.

The Colour Party were met at Berwick Station by the Brass Band and Pipers of the 2nd Batt., and there was also present a detachment from the Depot and several members of the original 2nd who are now stationed there. Officers in charge were Captain Vickers Dickson and Captain Machin, M.C., while the party was made up by Corpls. Develin and Dixon and two men.

Enemy Aliens

Today’s guest blog is by Silvie Fisch & Rosie Serdiville,  on behalf of  ‘WW1 Enemy Aliens in the North East’, a project that looks at the lives of minority ethnic communities in the North East during the First World War. The project is supported by the National Lottery Heritage Fund. If you would like to get involved please contact Northern Cultural Projects,  ncp.cic@gmail.com.

Northumberland Archives hold almost 300 ‘aliens files’, giving details of registered Enemy Alien’s lives during WW1. There are stories over stories of ‘ordinary’ people who lived in constant fear, struggled with the authorities over the most trifling matters, were misinformed, harassed, had to keep up with the prying eyes of their neighbours and their anonymous letters to the police.

The more time you spend studying these files, the more evident become the parallels between what happened to foreign nationals in Britain back then and the difficulties many immigrants face right now.

The Aliens Restrictions Act of 1914 required all foreign nationals had to register at their local police station. They were banned from owning firearms, signalling equipment, homing pigeons, cameras and naval or military maps.

By 1915 the entire East coast and fifty miles inland had been designated a prohibited area. Travel restrictions meant that families could no longer see each other without seeking prior permission, and businesses struggled to visit clients.

On 10 August 1916 Amy Arends from South Shields asks for permission to stay at Rothbury for a week with her mother and sister. Permission is not granted “as no enemy aliens are permitted to stay in a prohibited area”. (NC/3/47/2/4)

British women who married foreign men were legally deemed to adopt their husband’s nationality. Even if a woman was widowed or separated, she would remain an alien subject. Many people of foreign descent were accused of being spies, often by their own neighbours. The German communities were especially badly affected, with violent riots breaking out everywhere in the region.

Stobsiade – Stobs Camp Newspaper

All male enemy aliens of military age were being made subject to internment. Many internees from the North of England found themselves in Stobs Camp in Hawick in the Scottish Borders. Their loved ones often ended up destitute.

Fritz Lang from Sunderland, German internee, Isle of Man

To officially being considered a ‘friendly alien’ meant no assurance for a peaceful life. A foreign sounding name, the wrong skin colour, and people could easily find themselves outcast within their communities, or put under pressure by one authority or another.

Sunderland Daily Echo, 8 August 1914

For Emmy Starsburger, a naturalised American who come to England to take up employment as a secretary for the Leyand family in Haggerston, it all started with the usual slander: on 21 October 1914 a Julia Eyre contacted Northumberland Police to raise concerns about her. The following year, the War Office, The Chief Constable of Northumberland and Alnwick Police discussed the risk of Strasburger’s presence at Haggerston as it was used for convalescent soldiers. The War Office requested legal evidence from her family in America that she was indeed an American citizen. Her family supplied the requested documents and added ‘that the family were highly appreciative of English and American history’.

On 12 July the Home Office sent a letter to the Northumberland Constabulary, querying why, as an alien whose brother served in the Prussian army, she was allowed to live so near the coast.

A subsequent letter from MI5 to the Chief Constable of Northumberland once more requested evidence that she was an American and asked why she visited the ‘wireless station on Holy Island’. A handwritten reply added to the requested documentation informs MI5 that the wireless station was actually not located on Holy Island but at Goswick.

Emmy left Haggerston for Welshpool in 1917. Northumberland Archives still keeps thirty six official documents relating to the case (NC/3//46/2/68).

The case of Elizabeth Susan Dehnel is a rather sad one.

She and her husband Charles Henry had nine children, six of whom had died. She was English-born, her husband German. For a while they worked in Blyth, he as a hotel manager, she as a hotel housekeeper. Charles Henry took on a job as an interpreter at sea and lost his life in 1911 in the ‘Empress of Ireland’ disaster, one of the worst in maritime history. The Managing Director of the ‘Blyth and Tyne Brewery’ kindly offered Elizabeth a job at the ‘Star & Garter Hotel’ in Blyth. But on 21st October, 1914, she was apprehended and charged because she had not registered and obtained a residential permit.

Her statement reports that she made enquiries at Brixton Police Station whether she needed to register as she was the widow of a German. The young Policeman asked if she was English and because she said yes, he made enquiries and told her that she had no need to do so. A letter from the Superintendent at Blyth Police Office, dated 22nd October, 1914, submits an application for a Residential Permit for E. Dehnel – but there is a problem. 

“Mrs. Dehnel is due a considerable sum in compensation for the death of her husband and is not destitute. She bears an exemplary character. The Star and Garter is occupied by the Military and there is a Telephone installed. I suggest that she be refused permission to remain.”

Major J. Gillespie, Military Commandant of Blyth, writes to Captain James, Chief Constable, on 2nd November, 1914, to plead on behalf of Mrs. Dehnel. “It appears to me to be a case where some leniency might be shown, such as allowing her to take out naturalisation papers. The woman is so clearly English, has never been out of England except once…. She has a son who has served 12 yrs in the British Army….Personally I should be inclined to support strongly any application for permission to stay.”

A reply states that the residence cannot be permitted. Correspondence becomes quite heated when Major Gillespie replies that “the law is absurd which refuses permission to an Englishwoman, the widow of a German, and yet allows an obvious German in this hotel to remain because she happens to be born in England. I refer to the waitress here.”

In a letter from Mrs. Dehnel, dated 26th November, 1914, Elizabeth assures the authorities that her husband had had no contact with Germany since his parents died in 1897, and adds: “In spite of my age, I cannot hope to get another berth, people seem to think 40 too old and I am 55 (…) Will you please allow me to come back & resume my work. I am a thorough English woman, with not a thought, or any knowledge of anyone German, or in Germany. From anxious & distressed, E. Dehnel.”

The reply from the Chief Constable states that he is unable to accede to the request. “In addition to previous reasons for excluding all German subjects from entering Blyth, which is a prohibited area, there is now a Military aspect which makes it more than ever necessary to maintain strict adherence to the spirit of the aliens Restriction Order.”

A document from the Home Office, dated 2nd December, 1914, requests a report detailing a number of points relating to Mrs. Dehnel to ascertain whether she was eligible for a Certificate of Readmission to British Nationality. James Irving, Superintendent, writes to the Home Office on 2nd December 2014: “The Star and Garter Hotel is the Headquarters of the Northumberland Territorial Brigade and Mrs. Dehnel, rightly or wrongly, is said to have been a German Agent and continual movement from place to place since 1907 seems suspicious.” And: “I overheard a group of men discussing spies in the Market Place on Saturday night last when the remark was made that Dehnel was here for that purpose.”

Despite a series of espionage allegations from the police, a Certificate of Naturalization was granted to her in 1915, but on the condition that she would not return to Blyth. She died ten years later at the age of 65. (NC/3/48/1/2)