This Week in World War One, 16 April 1915

Berwick Advertiser title 1915

AT BERWICK

Word was received about 9.30 o’clock last night that hostile airships were in the vicinity and had dropped bombs on Blyth. Precautionary methods were immediately taken. The electric light power was immediately switched off at the Urban Electric Works, and house-holders were ordered to extinguish all lights and the town was soon plunged into complete darkness. When the picture houses closed the people who had composed the audiences experienced considerable difficulty in reaching their homes owing to the intense darkness. Probably High Street was the most difficult to navigate and much good humored chaff could be heard as people tried to evade each other in the inky darkness. Fortunately, Berwick was not visited by the Zeppelin.

World War One: the German zeppelin Viktoria Luise emerging from its hangar. Wellcome Library, London.  Copyrighted work available under Creative Commons Attribution only licence CC BY 4.0.
World War One: the German zeppelin Viktoria Luise emerging from its hangar.
Wellcome Library, London. Copyrighted work available under Creative Commons Attribution only licence CC BY 4.0.

 

ST. ANDREW’S NURSING CLASS BERWICK

Results of Examination.

Social meeting and Presentation.

 

On Thursday evening the members of the Berwick St Andrew’s Nursing Class held a social meeting in the Long Room of the Corn Exchange.

The hall was gaily decorated with patriotic flags, flowers, and evergreens, and there was a touch of enthusiasm in all the preparations which at once engendered in the guests that feeling of welcome and sociability so essential in making such a gathering a success. Those present readily indulged in the games and dances, and, after an hour’s enjoyment in this way, were just in the right mood to receive the more formal part of the evening’s proceedings with a spirit which made all feel quite at ease.

The Mayor (Councillor Wilson) was accompanied to the chair by the Mayoress, the Sheriff, Dr and Mrs Maclagan, Miss Anthony, Matron of the Borough Hospital, and Miss Gradon, convenor of the Class Committee.

THE CLASS WORK.

 

On behalf of Miss Anthony, the Mayor read the following report on the origin and work of the class during the winter:-

http://wellcomeimages.org/indexplus/image/L0009198.html
World War One Navy nurses training at Chatham. Credit: Wellcome Library, London. Ref: L0009198

Very soon after war was declared, the Mayor asked me, would I be willing to teach bandaging, bed-making, etc., to about twenty ladies, so that they might be useful in the event of temporary hospitals being opened for wounded. I consented. This was the beginning of our ambulance class. Owing to unforeseen circumstances, the classes were not started until 14th September. At the first meeting twenty eight members were enrolled. The classes grew rapidly, chiefly owing to the enthusiasm of the members, and Miss Cockburn, who was appointed class secretary. At the end of September there were 42 names on the roll. It became necessary to seek a larger room. We secured the Parochial Hall, but owing to the arrival of wounded, we had to vacate it after three weeks. Captain Kimberley very kindly granted us the use of the Army Hall. Our next step was a decision to try for the “Home Nursing and Hygiene Certificate of St Andrew’s Ambulance Association.”…..

Thirty-seven sat for the examination, and all have obtained certificates…..

https://www.flickr.com/photos/whatsthatpicture/6238325023/

Postcard of World War One hospital ward, December 1914. Probably Le Havre region.

 

….In reviewing the report, the Mayor said he had no idea that the Nursing Class had assumed the size which it had, and he was glad to think that out of the little conversation which he had had with Miss Anthony prior to the commencement of the class so much good had accrued. He was delighted to know that success had attended their efforts, and that everyone who had gone up for examination had obtained certificate. He understood that they had worked very hard during the winter, and he had to congratulate both the Doctor and Miss Anthony on the results. There was, unfortunately, a great deal of fighting to be done at the front yet, and he was afraid that there would be many wounded soldiers in consequence. Berwick was ready and willing to do its share, and he believed that the services of some of the members of the class would be needed. Not only were they equipping themselves to be of use in this direction, but the knowledge gained would be of advantage to them in many ways. he trusted that all of them would maintain their connection with the class during the summer and next winter, would go up for the medallion of the Association……………………..

Heliotherapy

Heliotherapy, or sunlight treatment, was one of the key therapeutic measures used by sanatoria to tackle tuberculosis and in this respect Stannington was no different.  Most sanatoria were built in the countryside where patients could benefit from fresh air whilst receiving plenty of rest and a good diet.  In addition to this sunlight, whether real or artificial, was an essential component in aiding recovery based on the principle that it would strengthen the patient and better enable them to fight off the disease.  Many of the photographs of children in the sanatorium from the collection show them to be outside on most occasions whether they be in school, in bed, or taking part in leisure activities.

 

HOSP-STAN-11-01-34
HOSP/STAN/11/1/34

Stannington had been using arc lamps since 1920 in the treatment of skin lesions and ulcers with the aim of speeding up the healing process of such lesions by exposing them directly to the light.  In 1926, however, a large artificial light department was introduced and equipped with ultraviolet apparatus to allow patients suffering from various forms of TB to be treated and to continue to receive light treatment even in adverse weather conditions.  Patients may have been required to spend time in the artificial light room for several minutes each day for as long as it was seen to be beneficial.  For many patients with mild cases of tuberculosis, or where there were no surgical options, this may have been their main and only active course treatment.

 

HOSP-STAN-11-01-31
HOSP/STAN/11/1/31
Children at rest in the vita glass pavilion

One very notable part of the sanatorium buildings was the vita-glass sun pavilion, built in 1927 thanks to the generosity of an anonymous donor, and opened by the Duchess of Northumberland.  It had the capacity to house 50 patients and was used primarily in the treatment of those with pulmonary TB.  Vita glass is designed to allow ultraviolet rays to penetrate easily and the pavilion meant that the children could enjoy natural sunlight whilst being protected from the elements.

 

 

Sources:

T. C. Hunter, ‘Associations and Institutions: Stannington Sanatorium, Northumberland’, The British Journal of Tuberculosis, 1930, 24, 28-32.

R. A. Hobday, ‘Sunlight Therapy and Solar Architecture’, Medical History, 1997, 42, 455-472.

UK Archaeological Sciences Conference 2015

Yesterday the Stannington Sanatorium Project Team visited Durham University to attend this year’s UK Archaeological Sciences (UKAS) Conference.  The conference is being hosted by the University’s Department of Archaeology and runs from 8th-11th April.  We were fortunate enough to be able to present a poster presentation to demonstrate the potential of the Stannington Collection as an academic resource for those in the field of archaeology, see below.

 

Poster1

 (Click to enlarge)

During the course of the day we spoke to several people interested in the collection and the poster will continue to be displayed for the duration of the conference for delegates to view.  We also had the opportunity to view other posters and hear various presentations on some of the interesting research currently being carried out by those in the field of archaeology.  The topics covered were varied and included investigations into Iranian pottery production, the origins of agriculture, entheseal changes, and the migration of red deer to the Outer Hebrides and the Orkneys in the Neolithic period.  All in all it was a very interesting day and a great opportunity for us to promote the collection further.