BERWICK ADVERTISER, 20TH MAY 1921

BUILDING TRADES OPERATIVES’ STRIKE

On Monday the men employed in the building trades in the Borough struck work, having refused to accept the position created by the proposed National “cut” in wages rates of 2d per hour.

Joiners, plasters, stone workers and others in the trade are affected and workers have downed tools at Mordington Small Holdings work, the new Housing Scheme, and other jobs going on in and round and the town.

The dispute is rather an involved one. More than a year ago an agreement was entered into between employers in Berwick, and men employed on skilled work in the trade whereby the rate of pay was fixed at 1s 9d per hour. Though the agreement was binding for a year, there was still dissatisfaction amongst the men owing to the Newcastle area rate being higher. The employers recently have been paying 2s 1d per hour under a Wages Board area award, and last week at a conference the National Building Trades Federation, on which employers and employed were represented, a national reduction of 2d per hour for skilled workmen was recommended.

This the men have refused to accept as they contend that it will bring the Berwick wage down to 1s 11d, which is heavier upon workmen than in the Northern Counties Area where men received the full 2s 2d per hour under the Wages Board award.

The workmen are to be seen daily standing about the streets, evidently finding time hanging heavy upon their hands.

THE MEN’S CASE

The Secretary of the local operatives informs us that the Area Rate fixed by the Wages Board was 2s 2d per hour for the Northern Counties Area No. 9, and Berwick Branch being in that area should have received the full reward. Instead, it is contended, the employers only agreed to pay 2s 1d per hour and for the past 12 months negotiations have been going on with a view to getting the masters to meet and discuss the matter with employees’ representatives. The masters are stated to have ignored the communications and the men have now struck to get the full 2s 2d award before the 2d reduction comes off.

ST. JOHN’S CHURCH, SPITTAL

War Memorial Unveiled by Bishop of Newcastle

To commemorate thirty-seven men of the parish who made the supreme sacrifice in the Great War, a memorial in the form of an altar table reredos and panels was dedicated in St. John’s Church, Spittal, on Monday evening. Service was held in the Church, the Rev. J. H. Cuthbertson, Vicar, officiating, the lessons being read by the Revs. P. G. Peacocke and R. W. de la Hey. Canon Roberson, Norham, and the Rev. S. E. R. Fenning, St. Mary’s, Berwick, were also present. The relatives of the fallen were seated in pews in the centre aisles, and a detachment of the Defence Corps under Capt. F. B. Cowen, M. C., were present in Church. Miss K. E. M . Toohey presided at the organ. There was a very large congregation present.

The Parish Church of St John the Evangelist, in Spittal.  In May 1921, a war memorial in the form of an altar table reredos and panels was dedicated in memory of the men from Spittal who lost their lives in WW1.  © Russel Wills – https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/ 

The handsome memorial adds to the beauty of the Church, the altar table being executed in oak. The reredos has a border of an exquisitely hand carved design in oak, which is richly gilded. The border acts as a frame for panels hand-painted in beautiful colourings on mahogany, the centre one of which depicts Christ on the Cross. The two side panels represent St. John and St. Peter, and the Signs of Passion are depicted in colourings on four shields between the panels. The inscription reads; “To the glory of God and in grateful memory of those men of Spittal who laid down their lives in the Great War, 1914-19.” The list of names is as follows:-

G.W. Aitken, J. H. Boston, M. Beveridge, R. C. Clements, M. Cockburn, W. C. Dormer, W. Dumble, J. Elliott, G. Elliott, T. A. Forster, R. Forsyth, J. E. Forsyth, H. W. Heckles, R. F. Hills, J. Havery, H. Morton, A. Noble, C. N. Noble, A. Piercy, P. Patterson, A. E. Purdon, G. Patterson, T. Ridpath, W. Robson, R. J. Rowntree, G. A. Richardson, G. Richardson, W. Rutherford, W. F. Scott, J. Strassheim, D. Sykes, O. Sykes, J. Thompson, J. Wood, D. Wilson, W. B. Walton, J. J. Wood.

At the end of the list are the words “Rest evermore unto them, Oh! Lord, and let light perpetually shine upon them.” The cost of the whole memorial will be about £300, and during the service a collection towards the Church Restoration Fund was made.

THE COAL CRISIS

On Thursday week the Gas Company put out a notice that the gas supply might cease on Saturday night. There was considerable anxiety in the town over the week-end, but we are glad to say that the gas is still available, and not likely to stop for the present.

As many as from 60 to 70 men, women and children spend their evenings in the search for coal on the slag heaps near the Scremerston pit.

Scremerston Colliery Ref: BRO 515-209

From Berwick, Tweedmouth and Spittal they come with sacks, hand-barrows, bogies, or anything on wheels, and hammer in hand crawl up and down the heaps searching for lumps big or small. And quite good coal they find, though the supply is getting exhausted now. The women wear sack aprons into which they put their treasures breaking big lumps with their hammers. When these aprons get full they return to the bottom of the heap, where the bogie awaits in charge of a youngster, empty their coal into it, and return for another supply. After an evening’s hard work, there is always the weary trudge homewards, but it is evidently worthwhile, as some will even carry a sack of coal on their backs for the two miles, cheered doubtless by the thoughts of fires to cook the family dinners on the morrow.

BELGIAN COAL FOR BERWICK

No Difficulty Experienced in Getting Ship Discharged

Excitement ran high in Berwick on Thursday when it was expected that the motor schooner “Hibernio” (500 tons) with a cargo of 350 tons of virgin coal from Antwerp would arrive. As the day wore on and the vessel did not appear fears were entertained that she had broken down on the voyage, but later news was received that she had been detained at Antwerp a day over her time in getting clear of the Customs.

The “Hibernia” arrived off Berwick with the morning tide on Saturday and was berthed in Tweed Dock, where a large crowd visited the dockside and examined samples of the coal. Quite sufficient labour was available to discharge the vessel, but as there was some difficulty in arranging for carts, which had booked up elsewhere for the day, it was decided to delay discharging the vessel until Monday. The coal is rather small, but is of quite good quality. It is being divided amongst the various industries in the town, and a portion is being allocated to coal merchants for sale for household use.

On Monday morning discharging the vessel was commenced and went on rapidly without interruption all day.

PRESTON MINERS AT BERWICK

Fancy Dress Procession In Aid of Soup Kitchen Fund

The band of the Prestonlinks Collieries visited Berwick on Saturday and a large number of masquers travelled with them in motor wagons to assist in the fancy dress parade held in aid of the funds of the soup kitchen, which has been organised by Mr W. Penman, secretary of the Miners’ Union, Cockenzie, for the provision of food for necessitous cases amongst the miners’ families.

The colliers got a sympathetic reception, and large crowds watched the procession on its way through the streets, and contributed liberally to the collectors. Standard-bearers followed the band, bearing aloft a large banner, upon which was inscribed “We Fight to Live. ”Pipers took turns with the brass band in providing the music during the afternoon.

The “get-up” of the fancy dress paraders was both original and humorous in the highest degree. A few did “busking” turns at intervals, while a bevy of pretty young damsels made an irresistible appeal for contributions. Dancing also took place at intervals on the route of the march, and the crowd greatly appreciated the efforts of the performers. Scotch step-dances were very well done indeed. Castlegate was crowded when the miners left by motor in the evening, and as the cars moved away they were given a hearty send-off.

BOWLING

Berwick Public Bowling Club

The bowlers on the Berwick-on-Tweed Public Green are at it nightly, and keen competition and some excellent games have been played for what is known as the “Gold Cup.” (It is in reality a neat miniature in brass). A. Carstairs and H. Jameison beat T. Harbottle and M. L. Walker on Monday night, and on Tuesday night the decision was reversed. R. Pagan and W. Lumsden then challenged the holders and ran out winners, semi-darkness coming on before the game was finished. Up till the time of going to press Pagan and Lumsden are still the holders, although they were again challenged by J. Mace and H. Borthwick, who they defeated (21-20), on Wednesday night. R Bowie and T. Harbottle next made a bid for ownership, but were not successful. The Committee have decided to run a pairs competition, and the competitions for the Darling Cup, and the Holmes Cup are also to be commenced. We are informed entries for all three competitions close on Saturday night. These competitions are bound to infuse a great amount of interest into the play. During this week those present on the green have been entertained to selections on the gramophone.

BERWICK BOROUGH ARCHIVES CATALOGUE SECTIONS – PART ONE

The Berwick Borough Archives is a wonderful and informative collection of records covering over 500 years of the town’s history . It is housed at the Berwick Record Office which operates as part of Northumberland Archives. An online catalogue for the collection has now gone live on the Northumberland Archives website – https://northumberlandarchives.com/test/catalogue/ .

To make the most of this online catalogue, the various sections it contains are listed below as a guide for use. If you are not sure what you are looking for, go to ADVANCED SEARCH in the catalogue and simply enter BA* in the Ref No field and put a word or phrase in the “Any text” field at the bottom to see what results appear. Otherwise, you can refine your search by limiting it to a specific section as listed below . As there are so many sections, this blog will be in two parts.   

CATALOGUE SECTIONS

The catalogue has been divided into the following sections :  

BA/A    CHARTERS – the town still bases some of its privileges today (electing a Mayor, holding markets) on the royal charters granted by the Crown. The earliest surviving charter in the collection is 1415 and the most recent 1604, granted by King James I of England.

Charter granted to the Borough by Queen Mary, 1554. Reference: BA/A/2/3/6

BA/B    BERWICK AND TWEEDMOUTH BURIAL BOARDS – As both Berwick and Tweedmouth Parish churchyards were becoming full , new civic cemeteries were open in 1856 and 1858 respectively. This section contains burial registers for both cemeteries, plot purchase registers and also registers of graves. Both cemeteries are divided into consecrated and unconsecrated sections. The consecrated ground was for the Church of England and the unconsecrated for other religions including Presbyterian, Methodist and Roman Catholic.

Berwick Civic Cemetery Burial Register, Unconsecrated, 1905. Reference: BA/B/1/2/24
Plan of Berwick Civic Cemetery with plot numbers, c. 1856. Reference: BA/B/1/7/1

BA/C    BERWICK-UPON-TWEED TOWN COUNCIL – From 1835 to 1974  Berwick, Tweedmouth and Spittal were governed by an elected Council. Their records cover many different facets of life and administration of the town including :

BA/C/BT – Borough Treasurer records including annual accounts of how the Town Council spent their money.

BA/C/CC – Council and Committees, including minutes of full Council and committees. The Town Council had various committees including Watch (Police ); Works (buildings); finance; schools and education.

Berwick Town Council minute book entry, 1836. Reference : BA/C/CC/1/1 p 12 and Berwick Town Council minutes, 1948. Reference : BA/C/CC/2/4/42

BA/C/ED – Education –  Berwick ran its own Education Authority until 1920 After that it was amalgamated with Northumberland County Council’s Education Authority.  This section includes information on individual schools in Berwick, Tweedmouth and Spittal, teachers employed, construction of new schools (Spittal, Tweedmouth West and Bell Tower ) and minutes of the Education Authority.

Berwick Education Committee Standing Orders 1908. Reference: BA/C/ED/1/4
Corporation Academy Prize Day Timetable, 1914. Reference: BA/C/ED/10/3/8

BA/C/GA – Gaol – After 1835, the Borough was told that the Gaol in the Town Hall was no longer suitable and that they would need to build a new one. This was finally built in Wallace Green and opened at the end of November 1849. This new Gaol only operated between 1849 and 1878 and subsequently became the Council Offices. This section Includes plans of the building and dietaries for prisoners.  

Elevation of proposed Gaol in Berwick, 1844. Reference: BA/C/GA/1/11

BA/C/PL – Planning – The Council was responsible for approving  the erection and alteration of buildings. Building applications from the early 1900s to 1974 are found in this section and include individual houses and public buildings.

Building plan of proposed Police Station in Church Street, 1899. Reference: BA/C/PL/2/94

BA/C/ PO – Police –  Berwick had its own Police Force until 1921, separate from Northumberland. This section includes police pay sheets, notebooks of individual policemen, wanted/reward posters sent to the Police force and also registers of events reported at the Police Station.

Wanted Poster for Alexander Smith Fleming, 1897. Reference: BA/C/PO/15/1/46
Berwick Borough Police Paysheet,1895. Reference: BA/C/PO/12/23

BA/C/SA – Urban Sanitary Authority –  From 1850, following a report from the Local Board of Health, Berwick Urban Sanitary Authority was established with responsibility for all issues relating to public health and housing. Their duties became subsumed into the Town Council in the 1920s. Their records include minute books; licences and information on water and sewage schemes and licences for cowkeepers.

Plan of Properties in Wallace Green in Local Board of Health Report, 1850. Reference: BA/C/SA/3/1/7

BA/C/TC – Town Clerk – The Town Clerk’s department was the administrative hub of the Council. Their records include the Borough Secretary files which cover many facets of life in the town from the 1920s to 1974. These include the construction of Berwick War Memorial; Berwick and the Second World War; conservation of buildings and construction of social housing.

Waste Paper notice in Salvage file, 1942. Reference: BA/C/TC/4/3/19

BA/F    BERWICK GUILD OF FREEMEN AND TRUSTEES – POST 1835 – After this date, the Guild of Freemen no longer governed the town and created their own series of records separate to the Town Council. This section includes papers concerning  admission to the Freedom (by birthright and honorary) as well as papers relating to the Guild and the Freemen Trustees who were set up after 1926 to administer the Freemen’s Estate.

Application form for Honorary Freedom after First World War submitted by George Bell, 1920s. Reference : BA/F/2/4/4/16
Honorary Freedom Admission book – entry for Thomas Houliston Lawson, 1901. Reference: BA/F/2/4/3

To see the entries for any of these sections enter the section number and * in the electronic catalogue, e.g. BA/C/SA*

Berwick Borough Archives Catalogue Sections Part Two to follow.

” I don’t remember anything….”

A few years ago, I wrote a blog about the Sun Inn murders in Bedlington using the inquest report and witness statements held by NorthumberlandArchives. 

https://northumberlandarchives.com/test/2016/06/09/the-sun-inn-murders/   

In 2018, I wrote another piece about the funerals of the victims

 https://northumberlandarchives.com/test/2018/04/13/funerals-of-the-sun-inn-murder-victims-1913/

Over Easter, I visited the graves of the three victims, and it inspired me to write a final blog about the tragedy. 

On 15th April 1913, James Wood Irons, owner of The Sun Inn public house in Bedlington went to the premises to terminate the employment of his manager John Vickers Amos due to deficiencies in stock and takings. Irons had with him Richard Grice who he intended to make his new tenant manager. Richard’s wife Sarah was also present. After much agitation and anger at being told that he would not be entitled to his bond/deposit, Amos produced a gun resulting in the horrific murders of three innocent people. P.C. George Bertram Mussell (30) Sergeant Andrew Barton (40) and Mrs Sarah Ellen Fenwick Grice (33). John Vickers Amos fled but was captured and arrested the same day.  

Grave of Sarah Ellen Fenwick Grice, Seghill Holy Trinity
Memorial to Andrew Barton & George Bertram Mussell, Bedlington Civil Cemetery

The Morpeth Herald covered the court case which was held at the Northumberland Summer Assizes on 2-3rd July 1913. The indictment charged John Vickers Amos with the murder of Sergeant Barton, P.C. Mussell and Mrs Grice, but the prosecution only proceeded on the count charging him with the murder of Sergeant Barton.  There was a great deal of public interest in the case and the court was rapidly filled as soon as the doors opened. A large crowd also gathered outside the Moot Hall in Newcastle. The charge put to the prisoner was that that on 15 April, 1913 at Bedlington, he did wilfully murder Sergeant Andrew Barton. In a firm voice he answered, “Not Guilty.” Counsel for the prosecution were Mr Bruce Williamson and Mr Jardine; defence, Mr W. J. Waugh and Mr Leon Freedman.  

When addressed by Mr Freedman, [for the defence] Amos stated that in June 1912, when working as a miner in America, he was in a coal and gas explosion. As a result of this, two men were killed and 14 severely burned. Amos was asked if he was badly injured after his heroic attempt at rescuing two men, and he confirmed that he was and said that he was laid up for three weeks. Mr Freedman then asked him to tell the judge and jury the affect that his injuries had upon his health and he claimed that the explosion had given him pains in his head, made him very nervous and unable to sleep. Amos also stated that about a month after that explosion he was in another in which eight men were killed and many burned. This time, he was uninjured but was blown about 15 yards which affected his nerves and seemed to make him ‘’lose his senses that day.’’ This further accident led to more sleep disturbance, head pain and a feeling of extreme anxiousness. 

When asked about shooting the three victims in the Sun Inn, Amos said that his memory was a blank. He had no recollection of sending his son to the shop to buy cartridges or of shooting at anybody. He claimed that the two policemen were good friends of his. 

In his address to the jury, Mr Waugh [for the defence] said that the prisoner’s plea was that he was not responsible for his actions on 15 April. They were told that Amos was a different man after returning home from America. His time there had had resulted in a terrible strain on his mental faculties. His defence stated that although angry at Mr Irons, Amos was prepared to kill anybody. Due to a loss of mental balance, his reason had been dethroned. At the time of the shooting, it was clear that he had become temporarily insane as a direct consequence of the injuries he had received when employed as a miner.  

In his address to the jury, Mr Williamson [for the prosecution] said that the prisoner took the life of Sergeant Barton deliberately and intentionally and was therefore, guilty of murder. He pointed out that there was no medical evidence to support the claim that Amos has suffered mentally as a direct result of the explosions in America. The only evidence provided by a medic was from Dr Haworth, the doctor who was first called to the scene after the murders had occurred. He had witnessed Amos’s behaviour after the event and described him as being quiet and perfectly composed. There were many questions to consider. Were the jury going to accept the fact that Amos could simply not remember the crimes he had committed?  Mr Williamson asked them to assume that Amos had real grounds for thinking that Mr Irons had treated him unfairly. Did that not show that Amos had the strongest possible motive for anger and a desire for revenge against Mr Irons? Could the jury have the slightest doubt that Sergeant Barton was deliberately shot by Amos? It was evident that Amos feared that the sergeant would disarm him before he had the chance to kill Mr Irons, so he had to eliminate him.

The jury retired and after an absence of only eight minutes, returned with a verdict of guilty of wilful murder. When Amos was asked if he had anything to say about the death sentence that was about to be passed, he answered, “I don’t remember anything, they were good friends to me.” Amos received the sentence calmly and as he left for the cells he waved his hand to some friends in the court room.  

QSCP/6 – Ditto refers to the judge – W. English Harrison Esq., KC., Commissioner.

John Vickers Amos was executed at Newcastle Gaol on 22 July 1913. The only witnesses were prison officials and the Under Sheriff, Mr Percy Corder. Outside the prison a large crowd gathered eager to try to catch a glimpse of the rope or hear the thud of the trapdoor bolts. However, on this occasion, the trap doors were so muffled that no sound could penetrate the huge walls of the prison. The execution was carried out at 8am and a bell tolled from within the prison grounds, so the waiting crowd knew it was over.  

Soon after 9am, the inquest on the deceased was conducted within the prison by the city Coroner Mr Alfred Appleby. He found all procedures had been carried out correctly and it was noted that Amos had been given a rope drop of 6 feet 6 inches. On examination of the body, the prison doctor confirmed that the cause of death was due to a fractured spine. The newspaper reported that John Vickers Amos was buried within the prison walls.

Morpeth Herald 4 July 1913 

Morpeth Herald 25 July 1913 

Northumberland Archives – QSCP/6