Northumberland Archives will close at 3PM on the following dates to allow for essential building work.
Wed 29th April
Thu 30th April
Fri 1st May
Wed 6th May
Thu 7th May
Fri 8th May
Old paper catalogues often have miscellaneous sections. This is sometimes because the catalogue is a work in progress – the records have a proper place in the collection but it hasn’t been located yet. Or it might be the place where records are put that don’t quite fit the collection. Unfortunately, a miscellaneous category tends to hide rather than reveal what’s put there – whereas a meaningful title or class description facilitates discovery.
Plan of the water supply to Hide Hill 1835 B10/41 Miscellaneous Guild letters and papers
Waifs and strays
The new catalogue of the archives of the Borough of Berwick-upon-Tweed will not have miscellaneous sections – records will relate to the body that created them. This will make them more accessible and put them in the correct context.
Miscellaneous unreferenced record – Plan of proposed North Bells Fishing Shiel, 1895
First task
I have begun to check some of the boxes of miscellaneous records to estimate the scale of the job ahead. In the main, the miscellaneous records relate to the class they have been placed with but, at some point, bundles have split and become mixed up or pages have been detached from their volumes. In all cases the records are unlisted individually – so none of the documents depicted here, for example, can currently be easily found by using the handlist. A researcher would have to rely on the knowledge of the archivist or browse all miscellaneous records with a relevant date.
Corporation Mathematical School inventory 1804 (C15/1-98 Miscellaneous Papers) showing items handed over by Mr Rae to Mr Todd who had taken over as master of the Mathematical School. The Corporation Academy was completed in 1800 bringing into one place the separate schoolmasters that had taught at different rooms in the town. Only Freemen’s children were admitted. Initially each master reported directly to the Guild but in 1844 a Rector was appointed by the Town Council following research into how Edinburgh and Glasgow schools had been reformed (John Scott History of Berwick, 1888 p.407; Janet D. Cowe The Development of Education in Berwick -upon-Tweed to 1902, 2018 pp 83-95).
Unintentional curators
However, some bundles contain a medley of documents that don’t follow a particular time sequence but contain the sort of records that might be selected when writing a book or article. For example, references to a theatre in Hide Hill, a case of infanticide or a list of books at the Mathematical School. It is not that uncommon to find ad-hoc curation in collections given to Archives – someone will have already found them useful but forgot to note where they came from or did not understand the need to return them to their original place.
Part of a bundle of records relating to the investigation of a charge of infanticide against Margaret Dryden (C15/1-98 Miscellaneous Papers)
Authentication
Detaching a record from it’s original place in the archive not only makes it harder to find but can break the custodial chain that gives a record authenticity and a traceable provenance. It is the reason why archives are listed hierarchically and in such great detail. If they were not, it wouldn’t be too hard to slip in a fake deed or receipt or remove unique and valuable evidence.
How to prepare a prisoner for transportation by hulk to a penal colony 1814 (C15/1-98 Miscellaneous papers)
Licencing Hide Hill Theatre 1794 (C15/1-98 Miscellaneous papers )
John Robinson…man of mystery (C15/1-98 Miscellaneous papers)
A man of mystery, a clothing account and how to maintain a fire engine
The reluctant release of John Robinson, a man with a mysterious past as a ship-hopping vagrant, a list of green clothing purchased and instructions on how to maintain a fire engine are a few examples of miscellaneous items in the current handlist that must be correctly relocated.
Account for clothing (C15/1-98 Miscellaneous papers)
When the catalogue is complete it should be much easier to to find them and understand how they fit into the history of Berwick-upon-Tweed.
Fire Engine Instructions ,1814 (C15/1-98 Miscellaneous Papers)
As part of the Twixt Thistle and Rose Project we must identify and schedule for conservation any items that require physical repairs. This could mean simple patching repairs to a paper document, relaxing and flattening parchment deeds or taking apart and restoring a full volume.
H1/4 Bridge Account Book 1622-1635 – broken binding and paper very weakPart of the binding of the same volume – a recycled latin manuscript – a technique commonly used by bookbindersThe parchment cover of the same volume of Bridge Accounts is stiff, holed and badly damaged
The primary purpose is to ensure that the record can be read without further deterioration but it is also important to retain as far as possible the original character of the document or volume.
Visiting the conservation workshop
Last Monday, Linda and I visited the company that have carried out conservation work for the Berwick Record Office for about 30 years – Riley, Dunn and Wilson. This firm has been in the business of printing, book restoration and bookbinding since 1909 – they were originally based in Edinburgh.
Before we travelled, we photographed the items in their current state and created a repair schedule that summarized the individual treatment each item required.
The marbling on the cover of this volume (H 2/42 Guild Annual Accounts 1761-1762) is in a very poor state but must be retained as there is information written on the reverse. A new cover will be made.
We took a few volumes and a bundle of large parchment deeds with us so that an estimate of costs could be made before commissioning the work. We discussed the repair appropriate for each item, whether there were loose items inside a volume (if so, how they should be treated), what kind of bindings should be provided and whether protective boxes should also be supplied.
A bundle of parchment deeds. The parchment has become very hard making it difficult to read the individual documents. The parchment will be relaxed and the documents flattened – retaining the original label that shows they are part of a series.
We were also able to see the bookbinders and paper repairers at work – both fascinating, almost entirely manual, occupations. The firm also carries out heritage digitization – an alternative means of providing access when physical repair is impossible or there is expected to be very heavy use use of the original, repaired or not.
Riley, Dunn and Wilson – testing the acidity of paper
Before…
Some time ago the first Guild Enrolment Book was repaired and this photo shows what it was like before the conservation work started – badly eaten away and unfit for public use.
B 6/1 The First Guild Book of Enrolment 1570-1636 before repair
…and after …
B 6/1 The First Guild Book of Enrolment 1570-1636 after repair
In-house conservation
Basic conservation work is also undertaken by the Archives team. For example, cleaning dust and dirt from paper and parchment, boxing and wrapping documents or volumes and monitoring the strong room constantly for changes in humidity or the presence of pests. Project volunteers can be involved in cleaning or re-boxing some of the records. Please email us if you are interested (ttar@northumberland.gov.uk) or attend the sessions we will be holding at the Archives on the 23rd and 26th March.
Another of our West End lads home for good is Seaman Gunner Thomas Binney, R.N.R. Being in the Naval Reserve he was called up on August, 1914, and has been most of the time in the neighbourhood of the Orkneys and Iceland. He worked from the “Kirkwall Base for 2½ years. He saw the German submarines futile attempts to break through the British Fleet, and had numerous adventurers while operating from that Base. His part has therefore been a noble one in defence of his country.
Seaman James Binney, a brother, was also a reserve man, and has an equally good record of service. His work during the war has been chiefly that of minesweeping, one of the most dangerous occupations known. On one occasion his boat was rammed and sunk, fortunately all hands were saved. Afterwards he was on a armed drifter working further south in 1918, and until demobilised.
LOCAL NEWS
The laying of the foundation-stone of Berwick Pier, on February 27th, 1810, was an occasion of great interest to the whole population of the north, the “Newcastle Daily Journal” reminds us. The various lodges of Freemasons from the neighbouring towns joined that of Berwick, and together with the County Magistrates and a large concourse of people,
(C) BRO 1636-7-19
marched from the Town Hall to the church. After service they proceeded, attended by a band of music, to lay the foundation-stone. The ceremony was honoured by discharges of cannon from the ramparts and the ships in the harbour, and afterwards the Lodge of St. George held a dinner party in the Town Hall.
The Queen’s Rooms have been a great centre of attraction this week, and the bookings for the Revue, “Hullo! Who Are You? have been excellent. The public have enjoyed the Revue which is brim full of fun, and the chorus singing as well as that of the principals in the catchy songs has been bright and tuneful. One of the great attractions was, of course the new Jazz Dance descriptions of which fill the papers, and which is all the rage at present. The four girls who executed this feat are certainly well versed in the art of graceful dancing.
Carter and King Jazz Orchestra in the early part of the twentieth century. American Jazz was the music that inspired the various types of dance of that period around the globe. Wikimedia Commons.
We are quite sure patrons will welcome a return of the Revue or others on similar lines. For next week the great attraction will be Charlie Chaplin in “Shoulder Arms” a film that has never yet been screened in Berwick. Mr T. Nicolls, ventriloquist is sure to thrill the audience with his clever impersonations. In the end of the week in addition to several good comedies the public will have an opportunity of seeing the sensational film entitled “The Failure”. Messrs Lindsay and McIndee are to be congratulated on their efforts to provide such pleasing performances at the Queen’s.
There has been a great scarcity of coal in Berwick during the last few days. The district is supplied from some eight collieries, but the supplies promised have not been forwarded, and on Tuesday Mr Turnbull went to Newcastle and interviewed Sir Johnston Wallace about getting further supplies from the south. He expresses himself satisfied with the result of his interview and has been promised a further supply of 25 per cent from the southern collieries.
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The embargo on small quantities of coke has been released, and a good deal of coke has therefore been distributed to supplement the coal supply. The threat of a strike amongst the miners may have something to do with the scarcity, as country people have been drawing their full rations. If the strike does occur, there are no reserves in Bewick at present; but in view of the promise for further supplies from the south, the situation in a few days ought to be easier.
BERWICK PETTY SESSIONS
TUESDAY
Before T. M. Morrison, Esq.
Francis McDady, private, Royal Dublin Fusiliers, who was
apprehended by the police at Berwick Station on Monday, was charged with being
a deserter from his regiment in France.
He pleaded guilty. The Chief Constable said Private
McDady had travelled up from London, and at Berwick Station it was found he had
no ticket, and for this reason was handed over to the police. He had deserted
from his unit in France in November last, and had been going about ever since.
P.C. Welsh said that at 3.15 on Monday afternoon he received a complaint from Berwick Station, and on proceeding there, defendant was handed over to him by the Stationmaster. The defendant admitted having travelled from London without a ticket. He also said that he had deserted on the 17th November, and from that time up till Sunday last, had wandered about in France. He had crossed by boat on Sunday to Folkestone, where he was apprehended as a deserter. He had, however, managed to escape, and reached London, where he boarded the train on which he travelled to Berwick. Defendant was remanded pending the arrival of an escort.
CHATTON
Mourning and gaiety have had their alternate reigns in
the village this week. The funeral of R. Muckle was very largely attended, but
the laying to his last rest of Private Carr, who, after suffering heavily as
one of our brave defenders, came home only to die of influenza, attracted a
very much larger gathering. There is little doubt that the gassing to which he
was subjected on the battle front weakened the constitution of the noble young
lad.
So far the sadness of the village; yet in these days very
few live with the dead for long. First the Chillingham girls celebrated the
return of their heroes with a dance at the Parish Hall, and then the young
ladies of Chatton followed with a ball in honour of theirs. The days of the
Canadians are numbered, and without the camps what will the ladies do?
The birds are making music and snowdrops and aconites are
looking lovely. But in these racing days who is there to appreciate duly these
signs of coming Spring? “O that men would therefore praise the Lord for His
goodness, and declare the wonders that he doeth for the children of men!”