Oral History of Alex O, Employee of Harbour Commission
Reference:T/435, Image: NRO 0594/02/42
Suggested age groups:KS1, KS2, KS3, KS4, lifelong learners
Subject areas: Industrial History, Shipping, Coal Mining, Transportation, Oral History
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Extract 1
Extract 2
Extract 3
Extract 4
CONTEXT
These sound files are extracts (short, edited pieces) from longer oral history interviews preserved by Northumberland Archives. These interviews were made as part of a project to collect the memories of people who lived and worked on the Northumberland coast; “Sustaining Our Coastal Heritage”, 2006-2008.
Alex was born during the 1930s. He worked in various industries, including at the Port of Blyth. He was interviewed by Sarah Belcher on 30 November 2006.
So, what was your first job in Blyth
My first job in Blyth. I started to work for a Newcastle company called the Hartley Electric Motors. Um they signed us on as an apprentice electrician. But it did not materialise. They just used us as cheap labour so I packed it in and went down the pits. But um I ended up working for the Harbour Commission because I packed the railway job in because they wanted us to go on shifts. Working shunting* at North Blyth. So, I started working for the Harbour Commission. I started shunting for them when the pit props* used to come in.
They would hold up the…
Yes, they used a stack of timber as there was a stack of pits around here in the old days. And all the timber used to come in from Russia and the Portuguese timber, from Finland as well. And I shunted them and we used to cut them and store them in the bottom yard. South yard. You had to decide, different ones went to different collieries. Which was quite a busy job in them days. And when that ran out, the coal was getting low. But in 1961 this port shipped just short of 7 million tonnes of coal.* It had the record. And now they are importing it from Russia believe it or not.
*shunting – move goods around the port, usually from the dock at the side of the ship to a warehouse or other place of storage
*pit props – wood used in mines to hold up the ceiling of the mineworkings
*7 millions tonnes of coal – 6,889,317 tonnes, Blyth was the largest coal shipping port in Europe at this time
So as you grew up in Blyth did you used to go to the harbour a lot?
Well, the harbour, when we were kids during the war we used to go along a place called the flanker. Which is just up there and there is a stone wall on the right hand side as you go past the gas works. And that was where the old flanker was and the shipyard was at the other side. The dry docks. And we used to watch the submarines getting repaired in there. But we used to go down to the beach with the barbed wire and see the submarines coming in, going out. You would see the periscope coming up as they were coming in; really remarkable.
Did you get quite a lot of wildlife?
Oh seals ey. There was two big Norwegian tankers that came here to Hughes Bolckows,* they called it Battleship Wharf. And um there were two, you know they looked as if they were in good nick you know. But um they were past redemption so they were breaking them up. Two smashing lifeboats on deck. But there was this seal that used to sit on the runner of one of then and look down at other boats going down. He would be there regular. And when I worked for the Harbour Commission they were building a jetty. An extension on the jetty up at 43 jetty. Up at the Cambois side. And on a nice day when I was walking on the piling frame I used to go in for a swim you see. And this seal used to join us everyday. I used to get in the water and he used to turn up and come right along side of us. It was funny.
Must have waited for you to dive in.
*Hughes Bolckows – see resource with brochure from company
…you see some funny things. You often see seal pups on the beach you know.
So do you think that because the river has cleaned up a bit now because there is less industry. Do you think that there is more wildlife now or less than there was?
I think it’s just about on a par. I don’t think it has changed that much because we used to see the seals in the old days and you still see them. Still see the wild ducks and that and you still see the cormorants. They are funny you know when you see them dive. And at the top end of the river on the Cambois side the swans used to be there all the time. Yes, a lot of swans. They never used to migrate. Most of them did, but not these they used to stay there all the time. And they were getting good grub you see, they were probably too heavy to fly anyway. Ey. I have seen the biggest flock of geese I have seen this year, coming across. Heading across to the west coast you know. Heading across. A double v.
ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1
Background
Alex was born during the 1930s. He worked in various industries, including at the Port of Blyth. He was interviewed by Sarah Belcher on 30 November 2006.
SEE
See: Who is Alex?
See: What jobs does Alex mention having?
See: Which industries are mentioned in the oral history?
See: How many tonnes of coal does Alex mention having been shipped from Blyth in 1961?
See: What size is Blyth’s shipping port described as compared to the rest of Europe in 1961?
See: What wildlife does Alex mention?
THINK
Think: Which war does Alex reference taking place during his childhood?
Think: Why was there barbed wire on the beach in Blyth during the war?
Think: Why was it necessary for Blyth to be defended during the war?
Think: Why were there submarines in Blyth?
Think: Is industry in Blyth as big today as it was in 1961?
Think: How did heavy industry impact the environment?
Think: How did industry affect the local wildlife?
Think: What is renewable energy?
DO
Do: Create word and definition cards for each of the words that are unfamiliar to you. Swap cards with someone else and try to match the words to their definitions.
Do: Write down the impression that this oral history gives you of Blyth.
Do: Compare your impression of Blyth from this oral history to the impression that Arthur C’s oral history and Doreen and Cynthia’s oral history gave you of Blyth.
Do: Create a timeline of industry in Blyth.
Do: Research industry in Blyth. Make a list of all of the industries that operated in Blyth during the 1960s.
Do: Research industry in Blyth. Make a list of all of the industries that operate in Blyth today.
Do: Compare your two lists. How has industry in Blyth in Blyth changed since the 1960s?
Do: In groups, discuss what you think the main reason for the change in industry in Blyth since 1961 is.
Do: Create a poster showing the different types of heavy industries.
Do: Create a poster showing the environmental impact of heavy industries.
Do: Create a poster showing the environmental impact of green or renewable energy industries.
Do: Create a poster showing the different types of green or renewable energy industries.
Do: Survey how many heavy industries you can find evidence of in Blyth.
Do: Survey how many green or renewable energy industries you can find evidence of in Blyth.
Do: Visit Blyth’s port, or a similar industrial location if you are not local to Blyth. Survey the wildlife in the area.
Do: Look up the renewable energy industry in Blyth. Compare this to the past industries in Blyth.
Do: Come up with your own ideas for green or renewable energy industries for the future.
Do: Make a model of Blyth’s shipping port during the 1960s.
Do: Make a model of Blyth’s port today.
Do: Make a model of what Blyth’s port might look like in 100 years’ time.
Resources
https://northumberlandarchives.com/learn/learn-topic-world-war-2/ – a number of oral histories around the bombing of Blyth during WW2
https://www.blythtown.net/the-history-of-blyth-town
https://www.blythtowncouncil.org.uk/history.php
https://www.energycentraluk.co.uk/
http://www.field.org.uk/how-can-factories-affect-the-environment
https://www.ecomena.org/environmental-impacts-of-industrialization/
https://www.coolgeography.co.uk/gcsen/EW_UK_Industry_Environment.php
https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/knowledge/economics/heavy-industry/
ACTIVITY 2
Background
These sound files are extracts (short, edited pieces) from longer oral history interviews preserved by Northumberland Archives. These interviews were made as part of a project to collect the memories of people who lived and worked on the Northumberland coast; “Sustaining Our Coastal Heritage”, 2006-2008.
SEE
See: Why were these oral histories recorded?
See: Who took part in these oral history interviews?
See: What is included in the oral history extracts?
THINK
Think: What is an oral history?
Think: Why is it important to record oral histories?
Think: What is the value of oral histories?
Think: What useful information can we learn from Alex’s oral history?
Think: Who might use oral histories?
Think: How might Alex’s oral history be used and by whom?
Think: How reliable are oral histories?
Think: What types of oral histories might be recorded?
DO
Do: Imagine you are about to interview a someone who lived and worked on the Northumberland Coast for an oral history. Write down a list of questions or talking points that you might use to prompt them during the interview.
Do: Write down a list of events that have taken place during your lifetime that you think it would be important to create oral history records of.
Do: Write down a list of events that have taken place before your lifetime that you think it would be important to have oral history records of.
Do: Look at the British Library, British Library Sounds and Imperial War Museum websites. Can you find oral history recordings about the events from your lists?
Do: Think of an event that you have experienced first-hand. In pairs, interview each other about your chosen events and create oral history recordings.
Do: Do you think oral history recordings should be made using second-hand stories or should they be made using only first-hand events? Debate this in groups.
Resources
OTHER ONLINE RESOURCES
Submarine Base
YouTube website, news reel by British Pathe news about submarine training at Blyth, 1942 (3 minutes): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KKDw7KXFejE
Imperial War Museum website, page with photo of HMS Elphin, a training base for submariners at Blyth: https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/item/object/205185774
Mirror newspaper website, page about submarine sunk during WW2: https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/found-77-years-on-icy-11462684
North East at War website, blog articles about Blyth submarine base: https://northeastatwar.co.uk/category/blythsubmarines/
Oral History
Website for Oral History Society, includes definition of oral history: https://www.ohs.org.uk/
University of Leicester information sheet on oral history (pdf). Although the language isn’t the most accessible it does discuss value and reliability of oral histories: https://www.le.ac.uk/ur/emoha/training/no1.pdf
Website for Glasgow Women’s Library, blog discussing oral history project, includes definition: https://womenslibrary.org.uk/2017/08/09/what-are-oral-histories-and-why-are-they-important/
British Library website, page for oral history collections: https://www.bl.uk/collection-guides/oral-history
British Library Sounds website, includes oral history recordings: https://sounds.bl.uk/Oral-history
Imperial War Museum website page for oral history collections, one of the biggest oral history collections in the country. Many can be searched and listened to online: https://www.iwm.org.uk/collections/sound
Port of Blyth Heritage website, page about oral history collection, includes links to individual oral histories which have transcripts and 5 minute clips: https://www.blythmaritimearchive.org.uk/content/catalogue_item/port-of-blyth/oral-history