Survey of Possessions of Newminster Abbey made on 1 July 1536 (copy made in 1614)
Reference: NRO 00324/M/1/7
Suggested age groups: KS2, KS3, KS4, lifelong learners
Subject areas: Palaeography, Tudors, Dissolution of Monasteries, Pre-Industrial Economic Development
CONTEXT
This is part of a list of the property (including lands and buildings) that belonged to Newminster Abbey, Morpeth. The property recorded here was in the coastal settlement of Blyth. Today, the town of Blyth is about 12km (8 miles) from Morpeth to the south east. Lists (or surveys) like this were made by the Court of Augmentations under instruction from Henry VIII before dissolution.
Newminster Abbey was a Cistercian abbey that was founded in 1137 and closed in 1537. The Abbey buildings were bought by the Grey family who reused the stone for their own building projects.
James Rokeby – auditor (someone who looks at and analyses financial records) for the Court of Augmentations
Robert Collingwood – knight and High Sherriff of Northumberland (1551)
Lionel Grey
William Greene
There is at Blith nooke vii salt pannes furneshede with one house
called the garner and other edifices and house unto the same pannes
belonginge and also the ferme of a myne of cooles of the Bishopp
of Durrelhm for the mayntennce of the said pitts and ii Cobulls or
keelis for the caryage of the same cooles to the pannes, the occupiers
of the same pannes shall bere and sustayne all manner of reperacions
and pay the rents yearlie unto the Bishopp for the mynes aforesaid
of five merkes and so the same vii salt pannes be clere worthe
by yere over all charges
}xiiii li (pounds)
There is at Blyth Nook* seven salt pans furnished with one house
called “The Garner” and other edifices and house belonging to the pans
and also the farm* of a mine of coals for the Bishop
of Durham for the maintenance of the said pits and two cobles or
keels* for the carriage of the same coals to the pans, the occupiers
of the same pans shall bear and sustain all manner of reparations [repairs]
and pay the rents yearly to the Bishop for the mines aforesaid
of five marks* and so the same seven salt pans be clear worth
by year over all charges
}£14
*Blyth Nook – old name for Blyth
*farm – here it means a lease (from Old English). The abbey owned the coal mines that they leased or rented out to whoever rented the salt pans so that they would have fuel to heat the pans.
*cobles or keels – traditional Northumbrian boats
*five marks – “unit of account”, this was never a coin in England but used when making calculations. Worth 13s 4d (13 shillings and 4 pence or 160 old pence).
ACTIVITIES
ACTIVITY 1
Background
This is part of a list of the property (including lands and buildings) that belonged to Newminster Abbey in Morpeth. Lists (or surveys) like this were made by the Court of Augmentations under instruction from Henry VIII before dissolution.
Newminster Abbey was a Cistercian abbey that was founded in 1137 and closed in 1537.
SEE
See: What is this document?
See: Why was this document made?
See: Who made this document?
See: When was this document originally made?
See: When was a copy of this document made?
THINK
Think: Why was Blyth known as Blyth Nook?
Think: Why are words spelled differently in this document to how we would spell them today?
Think: What is palaeography?
Think: How can we understand documents from the past?
Think: Do we need to be able to read every word to understand a document?
Think: Will people in the future struggle to understand our handwriting?
DO
Do: Look at the document for 10 seconds. What is your first impression of it?
Do: Look at the document for 30 seconds. Can you pick out any words?
Do: Look at the document for one minute. Can you get enough information to work out what the document is about?
Do: Read the document out loud. Does it make more sense when read aloud?
Do: Write a translation of the document.
Do: Have a go at copying the handwriting.
Resources
ACTIVITY 2
Background
This is part of a list of the property (including lands and buildings) that belonged to Newminster Abbey, Morpeth. The property recorded here was in the coastal settlement of Blyth. Today, the town of Blyth is about 12km (8 miles) from Morpeth to the south east. Lists (or surveys) like this were made by the Court of Augmentations under instruction from Henry VIII before dissolution.
Newminster Abbey was a Cistercian abbey that was founded in 1137 and closed in 1537. The Abbey buildings were bought by the Grey family who reused the stone for their own building projects.
SEE
See: Where is Newminster Abbey?
See: When was Newminster Abbey founded?
See: When was Newminster Abbey closed?
See: Which Court made surveys such as this one?
See: Which monarch instructed the Court of Augmentations to make surveys such as this?
THINK
Think: What was the dissolution of the monasteries?
Think: Why did the dissolution of the monasteries take place?
Think: Why did Newminster Abbey own property and possessions in Blyth and Durham?
Think: What is a coble?
Think: What is a salt pan?
Think: What types of industry were prevalent in Blyth in 1536?
Think: What might the abbey buildings have been used as after the dissolution of the monasteries?
Think: What currency was used in England in 1536?
Think: How much income might Newminster Abbey have generated?
DO
Do: Discuss the causes of the dissolution of the monasteries.
Do: Discuss the short-term effects of the dissolution of the monasteries.
Do: Discuss the long-term effects of the dissolution of the monasteries.
Do: Make a list of the property and possessions named in the survey.
Do: Use the Bank of England inflation calculator to work out how much £14 in 1536 is worth today.
Do: Use the National Archives currency convertor to work out the purchasing power of £14 in 1536.
Do: Discuss what could be inferred about the power of monasteries based on the possessions of Newminster Abbey.
Do: Plan how you would reuse or redevelop Newminster Abbey.
Do: Draw your redevelopment design.
Resources
OTHER ONLINE RESOURCES
Dissolution of the monasteries
The National Archives website, online research guide about the dissolution of the monasteries: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/help-with-your-research/research-guides/dissolution-monasteries-1536-1540/
Historic England, Word document with teaching notes about the dissolution of the monasteries: https://historicengland.org.uk/content/docs/education/explorer/teachers-notes-the-dissolution-of-the-monasteries-doc/
Newminster Abbey
Historic England website of listed buildings, page about Newminster Abbey: https://historicengland.org.uk/listing/the-list/list-entry/1155952?section=official-list-entry
The Cistercians in Yorkshire website (University of Sheffield), page about Newminster Abbey: https://www.dhi.ac.uk/cistercians/abbeys/newminster.php
Handwriting
The National Archives education website, page about reading old handwriting: https://www.nationalarchives.gov.uk/education/resources/palaeography/
Cobles
Living Language Land website, page about the word “coble”, includes video of poem by Katrina Porteous: https://living-language-land.org/words/coble/
Coble and Keelboat Society website: https://coble-keelboatsociety.org/
YouTube website, video “The Last Fishermen – Northumberland” (2008) about family using cobles for fishing in Boulmer, (2 mins): https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5UmmQjAS8Tw
RNLI website, page about Grace Darling’s coble: https://rnli.org/find-my-nearest/museums/grace-darling-in-10-objects/grace-darlings-boat